Kernel parameter gather_data_sampling=force is likely causing this on some CPUs on Debian bookworm based operating systems such as Kicksecure 17.
Solution: Remove the gather_data_sampling=force kernel parameter. The following commands can accomplish that.
1. Boot into sysmaint mode.
2. Comment out [1] gather_data_sampling=force in the /etc/default/grub.d/40_cpu_mitigations.cfg configuration file, sudo update-grub and reboot.
sudo str_replace 'GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="$GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX gather_data_sampling=force"' '#GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="$GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX gather_data_sampling=force"' /etc/default/grub.d/40_cpu_mitigations.cfg
3. Update GRUB configuration file.
sudo update-grub
4. Reboot.
sudo reboot
5. Done.
[1] Comment out explanation: Commenting Syntax and Effects